Monday, August 20, 2018

What shall we talk about?

Is it appropriate to preach about the unfolding sex abuse crises about Archbishop McCarrick and the Pennsylvania dioceses?  Is it necessary?

When I preach, I try to make connections between the appointed readings and liturgical occasions of the day, and the lives of our local faith community.  That includes current events, and from time to time I try to speak about current events from a Catholic perspective in my homilies.

But when the biggest current news story is actually about the church, and the story portrays our Catholic bosses and peers in an unflattering light, it's not a straightforward exercise.  For good or ill, Catholic preachers have been trying to think this through for the better part of 20 years.

Deacon Fritz Bauerschmidt, who also is chair of the theology department at Loyola University in Baltimore, recently wrote about some of the challenges faced by presiders and preachers.  He recounted what he observed at his local mass for last week's Solemnity of the Assumption:
the priest, in his homily, made no mention of the Pennsylvania grand jury’s report, or the recent news reports about Ted McCarrick. During the prayer of the faithful he tried a stumbling petition for victims of abuse, but he was clearly embarrassed by the topic and had no idea what to say and I found myself momentarily feeling sorry for him. Clearly he found it difficult to find words that could both accurately describe these acts and were suitable for utterance from the sanctuary.
 That anecdote touches on some of the difficulties that preachers face in talking about the abuse crisis.  The preacher may not be well-versed in the facts of the crises; and it's difficult to know precisely what to say about it.  Part of the discomfort, to be candid, is that it's excruciatingly awkward to talk about sex from the pulpit.  Most weekend masses have children present.  It's for the parents, not the preacher, to decide whether, when and how to introduce these topics to children.  Then too,  a homily isn't the same as an opinion piece or a blog post or a public venting session - it's a specific category of public speech whose purpose is supposed to be proclaiming the Good News. What is the Good News about the abuse crises?  Finally, there is a credibility issue: not to put too fine a point on it, but the clergy as a class may not be given the benefit of the doubt when it comes to sins and crimes that have implicated so many of us; and some of us have been our class's own worst enemies by reflexively but unadvisedly leaping to defend the indefensible.  These preachers think they are defending a church under attack, but they end up coming across as defending criminals and those who covered up the crimes.

And so there are a variety of excuses that homilists can trot out to avoid preaching about the sex abuse crises.  To his credit, Bauerschmidt hasn't let the excuses dissuade him:
Since my ordination in 2007, I have preached on the topic of sexual abuse and its cover up about a half dozen time. It is always hard. I am almost always unsatisfied by what I have said. But it has also almost always been greeted with a sense of grateful relief by parishioners. They are relieved to hear from the pulpit some acknowledgement of reality, and of their struggles to remain part of a Church that has mired itself in such unreality.
I've only preached about it one time.  That was probably 10 or 12 years ago.  My theme was that the church is the People of God, and inasmuch as bishops work for the church, they work for us; and so, when they screw up, part of our stewardship of the church should be to hold them accountable.  It wasn't well-received by my pastor (this was several pastors ago).  Not to put too fine a point on it, he benched me.  He removed me from the preaching rotation the following month, and told me that henceforth he'd have to pre-screen my homilies, something he never followed up on.

And so, knowing that I was to preach this past weekend, I spent a lot of time during the week trying to discern whether I should preach about the abuse crises.  I believe strongly that there are events in the community or the world that preachers must acknowledge, but my intuition was that this weekend I shouldn't.  I wasn't seeing (or the Holy Spirit wasn't leading me to see) a ready connection between the crises and the Sunday readings.  And I had a sense that it was too early: the crises are still unfolding, and their full scope and meaning haven't quite gelled yet in the public's mind - or at least in my mind.

As it happened, our diocese's archbishop, Cardinal Cupich, more or less pre-empted us preachers and took the decision out of our hands.  He did this by instructing parishes across the archdiocese to insert an expanded introduction to the Penitential Rite, the text of which the archdiocese provided, in each Sunday Mass.  Here is the text:
Dear brothers and sisters, during this Eucharist we are mindful of the tragic sins of clergy sexual abuse which have come to light in the Church, and which have had sad and grave consequences for victims. These actions and the failure of others in Church leadership to protect victims and remove abusers from ministry have wounded the whole Body of Christ, and so we pray for God’s mercy on the victims and we pray for reparation.   
We are also confident in the healing power of God, whose grace is stronger than human sin and whose Providence is infinitely greater than the consequences of any human neglect. May the Lord grant healing to all those whose lives have been so hurt and damaged by the failures of the Church 
 May He grant true repentance to those who have committed such grave sins … and may He grant the entire Body of Christ hope and trust in the Church’s leadership.
This was spoken by the priest after the sign of the cross and greeting, and before the deacon led the "Lord have mercy".  In my view, it's extraordinary - in the sense that I don't recall anything like it having been done before.  I suppose it's open to critique, both on the merits of its own content and its merits as a liturgical prayer.  Listening to the priests verbalize it this weekend, it struck me as too long.  I think there are some things to like about it.  I'm not sure that it exactly hits the bull's-eye.  But as Bauerschmidt notes, whatever is said probably will feel inadequate to us.  And on the whole, in addition to being grateful that it took me off the hook of having to address the crises in a homily, I think it's better that the church acknowledge the crises than not.


42 comments:

  1. The Pa. report was the main event of our men's group last week. I heard a lot of talk, but nothing worth saying from a pulpit to a congregation. Pope Francis' two words -- shame and sorrow -- say it all, but they have had to be said so often that they sound as meaningless as thoughts and prayers from politicians. We've done abuse so much there may be nothing useful to preach.*

    I think Cupich got it into the right rite. "Look at what we have done; Lord have mercy." Another choice is the one you mentioned, the prayers of the faithful, which should be for the victims.

    I do think the lead has to come from the top. I have heard nothing from our bishop, but he usually doesn't stray more than half a sentence from scripture or the Catechism, neither of which are specific enough for the problem. Saturday's preacher at the abortion center began by noting the odd, at this moment, sound of Jesus laying his hands on the children (in the Gospel), but instead of going where he might have gone, he said Jesus could do that because he was without sin, and we should try to be without sin, too.

    Our pastor is from, and is vacationing in, Kerala, India, which just had its 100-year monsoon (they seem to come every two or three years now, but global warming is a Chinese hoax). So we prayed for him and his family.

    * Some day there will be a good sermon saying this: Abuse and/or coverup is the worst thing some of those priests and bishops did in their lives, but it was not the only thing they did. Jesus would have compassion for them as well as for their victims. Saying it right now would be heard too much as blaming the victims.

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    1. "...it was not the only thing they did." You are right, Tom. In the end God is the only one who gets to decide if the bad that we have done outweighs the good. And I hope and believe He is merciful.

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    2. "Saturday's preacher at the abortion center began by noting the odd, at this moment, sound of Jesus laying his hands on the children (in the Gospel)"

      That Gospel passage is one of the selections for the rite of infant baptism. In fact, it's my "default passage" when I baptize. But I know one priest who refuses to use that passage for infant baptisms because of the associations you suggest. Which is a mark of how deep these child-abuse scandals go; it literally makes us reluctant to proclaim the Gospel. We've left all sorts of New Testament passages in the Lectionary that can be construed as offensive to Jewish people, but that passage about the children apparently is a bridge too far.

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  2. Then there is this, just out:
    https://zenit.org/articles/popes-letter-to-people-of-god/
    I haven't read it yet. It'll have to wait until I get back from the doctor visit of the day.

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    1. I just read it. I'm sorry to say: I don't think it's going to be universally well-received. Well, I know it isn't: Rod Dreher already is spitting fireballs over it.

      https://www.theamericanconservative.com/dreher/

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  3. Jim, I think the addition to the penitential rite was a good way to go. Personally I have no desire to listen to a squirm-worthy homily on the subject. And there's no way it wouldn't be squirm-worthy. Our pastor would have handled it if they were going to go that route, and would not have expected the deacons to do it. As it was, the newbie transitional deacon was preaching. He just added an item about it at the end of the petitions of the faithful. I am pretty sure the pastor wrote it in.

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  4. It is usually part of the prayers of the faithful at least in our parish. Not discussing it is how the problem started in the first place. Of course mention must be made in some way.

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  5. I'm in the Scranton diocese. A video of Bishop Bambera was played in lieu of homily. He said what was to be expected: sorry, we failed, no excuse, new processes and background checks in place.
    I wonder how much the drop in abuse (I hope there is a drop) is attribitable to Church policy changes and how much to the fact that clerics no longer get a carte blanche from parents, who now have their radar turned on, wondering what is hiding in Father's mind. I also wonder if the EWTN-level überkonservativ among us still give that unconditional trust.

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    1. Stanley, I think it's something both conservatives and liberals are in agreement about, that nobody gets a carte blanche anymore. In a way I'm grateful that the offenders are from both sides, that way it's harder to point fingers at the "others". Of course there are some terminally clueless ones (Cdnl. Burke comes to mind) who blame it all on contraception and the gays.

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    2. Traditionally, there have been quite a few clergy, whom I guess we can call conservative, who have believed it was their duty to defend bishops, because they believe that attacking the bishop is tantamount to attacking the church. Some of those clergy were pretty high-profile. Fr. Neuhaus from First Things was one. But even in Chicago there are quite a few of them. There are a lot of deacons who fall into that category. Deacons often tend to be more "heart" people than "head" people, and some of them have given their hearts, spiritually, to their bishops. Of course, many others are more likely to give their hearts to victims.

      I also think that 20 or so years of experience has taught the vast majority of clergy to be more discerning about who they're defending. Most accusations turn out to be true; and as a corollary, most true initial accusations turn out to be the tip of the proverbial iceberg; the initial accusation is just the first visible manifestation of a whole long history of bad behavior. I don't know if that's an ironclad law, but it's been my observation.

      Personally, I think our loyalties need to be to the church, and to truth-telling and justice.

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    3. Jim, what you describe @11:57 am is a pretty damning example of clericalism, and the harm the church's teachings about the ontological superiority of the clerical class causes. The obedience oaths to human beings (bishops, the Pope) are a real stumbling block to the institution's handling of this crisis. The sin of pride is so present in the hierarchy and in many of the teachings of the church.

      That said, if you do talk about it, be really careful how you phrase things. I left my original Catholic parish for another Catholic parish after a weekday mass homily by the pastor after the Globe revelations. He was feeling very sorry for himself and all priests, because some people looked at them with suspicion at times.

      But what drove me out the doors after 30 years in that parish (we were married there, our kids baptized, first communion etc) was his equating the sex abuse of kids with the "sins" of engaged couples who came to the church to ask to be married there who turned out to be living together. In his mind, the loving, committed sexual relationship of an unmarried couple seeking marriage was of the same nature as priests molesting kids. To say I was horrified is more than an understatement.

      I did not leave the second parish because I was unhappy with it or the pastor. I had simply reached the end of my Catholic rope about too many things. It was time to find a new path in the spiritual journey, one that did not have all the boulders and potholes I had been dealing with for years as a Catholic. The sexual abuse crisis was only one, and I had realized it was actually only a symptom of the far deeper problems in the church.

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    4. Anne, yes I agree - it's clericalism.

      Here is another difference between conservatives and liberals on this issue: some conservatives are fastening on the gay aspect of this latest round of scandals, especially in regard to McCarrick. They're doing it with a fervency that leads me to believe that they've been lying in the weeds, waiting for years for something like this to come along so they can start making a big rhetorical deal about it. They have an entire conspiracy theory built up, the gist of which is that there are networks of gay men among the clergy who are sexually active with one another, who abuse seminarians and minors, and help one another's careers (and are not above blackmail to hinder other careers). That's the theory. Perhaps there are shreds of evidence to support it here and there but I haven't personally been presented with any yet.

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    5. Jim, I've also heard about the conspiracy theory. But it's puzzling to me why the conservatives would make a big deal about it, because scandals have happened on "their" turf as well. Recall the Lincoln diocese issues I posted about previously, and others as well. They can't claim the high ground, because there isn't any.

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  6. Neuhaus (before he gargled too much Roman holy water) had this to say:

    "The problem of clericalism is composed of several problems. It is the problem of a caste that arrogates to itself undue authority, that makes unwarranted claims to wisdom, even to having a monopoly on understanding the mind of God. The consequence is the great weakening of the Church by denigrating or excluding the many gifts of the Spirit present in the people who are the Church. The problem of clericalism arises when “the church” acts in indifference, or even contempt, toward the people who are the Church."

    Richard J. Neuhaus, “Religion & Society Report”, June 1989.

    http://www.firstthings.com/article/2008/02/clerical-scandal-and-the-scandal-of-clericalism-14

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  7. I don't think that Mass, especially the homily, is an appropriate place to deal with the sexual abuse problem. We laity can not speak freely there.

    Have a meeting outside of Mass to discuss the issue. Let there be frank, not controlled discussion.

    The last time around 2003, one parish did hold an "open" meeting. However it was structured like many parish meetings to prevent any new lay leadership from emerging. We were put in small groups to discuss with one person reporting to the large group. In my group was a therapist who had dealt with the issue. I had a huge amount of data on the prevalence of sexual abuse among persons receiving mental health services. At the end of the meeting we were allowed to make brief statements.

    If we had an open meeting, both of us would have spoken extensively to the large group early on, but the pastor would have lost control of the meeting. At the end he told us of his fear of Zero strikes and you are out, namely that one false accusation would end his career because it would be impossible to prove it false. I guess that is why he had the meeting.

    The central problem in sexual abuse is clericalism. We can't end clericalism by leaving the church. That just leaves it to the many, probably most laity, who are perfectly happy with clericalism. We have a Pope who is against clericalism. Let talk about clericalism and how to end it. Most priests are not guilty of sexual abuse; I think most are guilty of clericalism. Let talk about changing that.


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    1. Jack I think you make a good point. Mass is a place where many Catholic gather, but it doesn't therefore follow that all issues of interest should be addressed at mass.

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    2. In some regards clericalism is like the bond cops have with one another, or like members of the military. There is a saying that in the Marine Corps "there is only one color, green." We can agree that clericalism is a bad thing, at least in how it has been expressed in the abuse crisis. But the question is, if the church does away with it, which they should, what are we going to put in its place? What kind of support systems would give the clergy a healthy form of brotherhood and friendship? I don't know the answer, I'm just throwing the question out. Because unless there is some kind of support, it's hard to see how anyone is going to be attracted to the priesthood, especially given that they don't have families of their own (apart from their families of origin).

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    3. Jack: Let talk about clericalism and how to end it. Most priests are not guilty of sexual abuse; I think most are guilty of clericalism. Let talk about changing that.

      Jack, I would be curious about the "how" of this. Clearly clericalism needs to be vanquished. But how do laity - who have zero status and zero power within the institution - change this? It's been an essential part of the church's teachings about itself for so many centuries that ending it seems imposssible (celibacy being "better" than marriage, priests being ontologically superior to others, etc)

      Among the reasons I left was because I wanted to be part of a church that does not look at the non-ordained members as "the simple faithful", or "sheep" (read dumb) who must be told what to believe and what to think and how to act in a 1000 page catechism - trusted to use their own consciences to make moral decisions. The Episcopal church has a hierarchy, but the people in the pews have a great deal to say about who their priests and bishops are, from the parish level all the way up the ladder. They hire and fire their priests at the parish level, and they have significant input into the process of choosing bishops. I haven't looked into it, but I assume that there is a process for firing bishops if a situation got bad enough.

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    4. Katherine, you answered your own question. Drop mandatory celibacy.

      If mandatory celibacy were dropped, priests could have normal family lives and the support that comes with it. They would not need to act like aging frat boys who protect their own when a girl who had too much to drink is raped at a frat party.

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    5. I agree that behavior such as bishops protecting miscreant priests or miscreant bishops is a manifestation of clericalism. They just need to stop it. They need a change of heart. They need to prioritize victims over clergy.

      I admit that changing behavior isn't easy. On the other hand, let's not make it sound like it's a heroic effort.
      Quitting smoking probably is harder, and hundreds of thousands of people quit smoking every year.

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  8. Jim: They just need to stop it.

    Oh, Jim. If only it were as easy as quitting smoking (which I did, after being a 1 1/2 pack/day smoker for 9 years).

    These men have spent their entire lives pursuing the perqs of high office in the church - the pomp, the power, the privileges. Telling them to just "stop it" and thinking they actually would do so without some kind of draconian intervention from the pope shows an almost alarming naivete.

    Their entire ego and identity is wrapped up in clerical privilege, in their "specialness". They are advanced middle age and older. Giving up all that kept them going in their careers (yes, careers - not vocations) would not be easy, and it seems that very few have any interest in any kind of real reform that would REQUIRE them to be accountable to the people in the pews. As long as the $ keeps rolling in they are fine with the status quo.

    Most seem to be assuming that if they mouth the same old platitudes (so, so sorry. Sort of like "thoughts and prayers" after mass shootings), keep their heads down for a while, this latest will blow over as all of the others have - because the people in the pews let them get away with it. They keep writing those checks..

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    1. Agreed, there is plenty of destructive clericalism in the clergy. But I am not sure there isn't just as much among the laity. I've known outspokenly anti-clerical priests; the only outspoken anti-clerical laity I've known have tended to be 65-plus. (I suppose the younger ones simply walk away.) We probably can't change the clergy until we at least move the laity.


      Even in this day and age, there are people who will cross the aisle to crash another Communion line to receive the Host from consecrated hands instead of from an EM or a mere deacon (or a real priest helping out the celebrant but wearing only a stole, ye gads.)

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  9. Clericalism can be a lay problem as well, as Russell Shaw said:

    “By clericalism I mean an elitist mindset, together with structures and patterns of behavior corresponding to it, which takes it for granted that clerics—in the Catholic context, mainly bishops and priests—are intrinsically superior to the other members of the Church and deserve automatic deference. Passivity and dependence are the laity’s lot.

    By no means is clericalism confined to clerics themselves. The clericalist mindset is widely shared by Catholic lay people.”

    Russell Shaw, “Nothing to Hide. Secrecy, Communication and Communion in the Catholic Church”

    http://www.thesestonewalls.com/Files/The%20Public%20Square.pdf, pg 57.

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  10. Tom and Jimmy Mac, you are both right that clericalism is a lay problem as well. One of the many reasons I finally pulled up stakes and headed for Episcopal pews was the lack of compassion for victims and the wholehearted defense of the institution I encountered with lay people. Many went with the "anti-Catholic" media spreading lies defense. But all too frequently the attitude was " It didn't happen to my kid. It didn't happen in my parish". Essentially saying "It's not my problem. Now go away and stop reminding me about the thousands of kids abused by thousands of priests, crimes that were hidden by bishops".

    I was stunned by the absence of caring and compassion. They seemed as blindly loyal to the institution that was doing so much harm as the loyalty shown to Trump even now, when they are getting raked over the coals by his tariff war. I found the indifference of the Catholics in the pews with whom I had discussions about the widespread sexual abuse in the church, the failure of bishops to protect the kids, and the protection of the bishops by Rome to be even more shocking than the stories of the scandal itself. I could not believe that every Catholic was not outraged. I could not believe that parents could shrug their shoulders because it wasn't their own kid who was hurt.

    Two articles I ran across yesterday that are relevant to this -

    https://www.americamagazine.org/faith/2018/08/20/abuse-victims-say-they-felt-hurt-ordinary-catholics-lack-compassion?utm_source=Newsletters&utm_campaign=db0ec49e09-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2018_08_20_08_26&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_0fe8ed70be-db0ec49e09-58573705

    And this from someone who was in a junior seminary that had a terrible record of abuse. He blames himself for not doing something, but how would teenagers in that era even begin to know what they should do? They were afraid to even tell their parents about what was happening.

    https://www.seattletimes.com/pacific-nw-magazine/the-secret-life-of-a-seminary/?utm_source=email&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=article_left_1.1

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  11. Should all this be spoken of from the pulpit - given that the pulpit is the classic expression of clerical one-upmanship? As Jim P says, it makes it a controlled "conversation". The issues and travesties brought to light of late are complicated and risking the stirring of hysteria does give one pause. Still, it was a relief to me to hear the word "clericalism" spoken and the reality lamented FROM the pulpit in my church. We, the powerless laity, talk about it. If the clerics themselves talk about it, it is not TO us. (In my prior experience, to even suggest that clericalism exists can bring on vengeance from clerics threatened by the mention of it!) There is an underlying feeling of "them against us". Their naming this sin outside their closed circles is a part of healing. A small start but a start. If one has cancer or mental illness, one must face it and name it. The Catholic Church has cancer and mental illness and it is this scourge.

    My prayer, my hope, is that the humiliation of the public exposure of the years of crimes and injustices will be a catalyst in reconfiguring the "power structure", of opening a path for the exercise of ministries by laity and women -- unused talent suppressed by indifference and the implicit contempt of clericalism.

    Grateful to see the reflective, prayerful, respectful and restrained comments of the "church" on this blog. An edifying witness "from the pews". Praying with you in this painful time.

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    1. Hi Carolyn, good to "see" you. I also hope this all will be a catalyst in reconfiguring the power structure.

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  12. I like Anne C's analogy of the aging frat boys. I think this behavior not only protects sexual misconduct, but it encourages a kind of insular clubbiness that shuts them out from a variety of lay realities.

    My guess is that "normal family life" is not the cure, though I think mandatory celibacy should be revisited.

    I see the "cure" as discouraging those drawn to the frat from becoming priests. Helping priestly candidates cut through their egos strikes me as vital. Require candidates to live with a family or in an old folks home or in a homeless shelter instead of the hot house of the seminary, and see themselves as servants of the faith instead of God's representatives in earth might help.

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    1. I like our diocese's program of sending the seminarians to live with a family south of the border for awhile to learn SpanishSpanish; there are other programs too.
      I also favor relaxing the celibacy requirement, though I don't see it as a panacea. Not everybody is called to marriage.
      I'm all in favor of getting rid of the frat boy mentality where it exists. But I also think we have to be careful that we don't leave clergy without a support system, whether it is informal, through friendship, or something like the mom support groups, or families of cancer patient groups. Everybody needs a safe place to vent and just talk.

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    2. Sorry about the SpanishSpanish, my tablet stutters sometimes.

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    3. I thought you were distinguishing Spanish Spanish from Cuban Spanish. The latter eschews vowels the way St. Paul eschews periods.

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    4. Jean: Require candidates to live with a family or in an old folks home or in a homeless shelter instead of the hot house of the seminary, and see themselves as servants of the faith instead of God's representatives in earth might help.

      It's that belief (bolded) that is at the root of clericalism. Unfortunately, it seems it is thoroughly instilled in them in seminary - the "ontological superiority" as "God's repreentatives" on earth.

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  13. Katherine, the idea is to drop mandatory celibacy, Those called to the celibate life may certainly choose that path.

    Religious orders could make mandatory celibacy part of the order's charism. But, if the majority of priests married, they not only would have a "support" system that does not resemble the aging frat boy system, it would immerse them in "real" life - what marriage is like when you live it, what parenting is like when you live it. Taking the baby to the ER in the middle of the night when he can't breathe. Waiting up for the teen-age daughter to come home from her date and she's two hours late and you can't reach her. Worrying about paying the mortgage and the doctor bills. Etc. No more theological musings. Real life.

    Our now retired rector at the EC parish(we miss him terribly) knew real life. He was widowed with 3 children when he was around 40 - the youngest was 6 years old. He was a single dad. He remarried and became a step-father. Eventually a grandfather. One of his four kids was a bit of a "challenge" when growing up. He paid bills. He took kids to the doctor and went to back to school nights and parent-teacher meetings. He drove carpools and brought juice and snacks to soccer games. He dealt with real life, and could not stay in a clerical frat all the time, nor in his theological ivory tower (he is extremely well educated - depth and breadth. A delight to converse with).

    I wonder if some of the women's religious orders might evolve (backwards - can you evolve backwards?) towards models that reflect the way of life of women in the beguinages of the middle ages.

    The whole model of "church as institution" might evolve - perhaps towards having far more intentional communities, led by non-ordained, meeting in people's homes, as was done in the earliest centuries of the church.

    Many possibilities, and some of those possibilities would be far more attractive to those who have left, and continue to leave, organized religion than the existing structures - Catholic and other. There are many examples out there of young adults participating in God's work, working and praying with a community of like-minded, but outside of church walls.

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    1. Anne, I can see the religious orders going a different route than the diocesan clergy. And it would be nice to feel like we were on a level playing field with our pastor, in that he also had the same challenges of raising a family as we did. The other side to that is that we would need to adjust our expectations of his availability. And also adjust our idea of what a just salary would need to be. But the Protestants seems to manage the balancing act more or less successfully.
      As for the Beguinages, I can already see that development with women religious to a degree. Most of the orders have lay associates who aren't in vows and live in the world. Sometimes they outnumber the professed religious.

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    2. I don't see modern nuns living like the beguines, really.

      The beguinages were strictly homes (and later larger communities) in which single lay women lived together for the purposes of safety and financial support. In the beginning, most of them worked in the textile trade. They also looked for ways to help their neighbors, when possible, through the corporal acts of mercy. There were some house rules for the sake of communal harmony, but these varied from domicile to domicile, and they did not take vows of obedience and poverty (though there were some rules about chastity so as not to give their home the reputation of a bawdy house). There were no vows, and women could (and did) leave to marry. They could also return as widows and bring their young children. The successful communities were quite nimble in responding to the many needs of their residents. There were no age limits on beguines. There was no discernment process like a postulancy, novitiate, etc.

      Beguines flourished for centuries despite fluctuating attitudes toward them by the Church hierarchy. The Church, during some times and in some places, required them to live in walled communities, wear identifying garb when out at night, or to accept a specific priest that the bishop sent them.

      Some communities developed their own forms of devotions (dancing and giving talks about spirituality got a lot of priests hopped up), and, after the Reformation, many communities in the Low Countries accepted Protestantism without much fuss. Their way of life seemed to transcend sectarian considerations. Some nuns seem interested in alternative modes of spirituality, but this seems to annoy or even scandalize many traditional Catholics who want them to live in cloisters and habits.

      A lay sister associated with an order today usually does not live in the community with the nuns. She might be required to make a retreat there once a year and pledge money to the order. I looked at becoming a tertiary sister in three or four orders, and, while there are no vows, there are requirements about donating to the order financially, doing retreats, and generally showing that you live in the world in solidarity with the order that accepts you.

      I could go on, but this is probably too long to be really on topic.

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    3. The Little Sisters of Jesus are interesting. They support themselves working and living among poor and marginalized people. This group lives and works with carnival people in an amusement park.

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    4. As the only thing I know about beguines is that Cole Porter wrote a song about beginning one, I find this extremely interesting. Thanks for that overview.

      I have the most interesting after-mass conversations with complete strangers who approach me and start talking. Several months ago a young woman I had never seen before, a single mom with a tot in tow told me that she'd be moving to Hyde Park, a South Side neighborhood, to go to graduate school. Apparently grad school housing isn't always straightforward for parents, so she was looking at moving into ... I guess she called it a commune - or if she didn't, it's how I mentally categorized it. Apparently it was a group of women, all unmarried I think, who lived communally. It was affordable for her, but the women needed to vote on whether to accept her: they feared, perhaps justifiably, that this woman would use it as as cheap and convenient childcare arrangement. She never came back, or at least I never saw her again, so I assume she worked something out.

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    5. Communal living can't be easy. Thomas Merton went to an order that doesn't talk, and he still had to move out of the commune to a quieter place.

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    6. Marriage would be easier with enforced periods of silence during news broadcasts. The incessant complaining about how bad Trump is is wearing.

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    7. Purgatory is other people (sometimes!)

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    8. Humans did communal living for tens of thousands of years. It must be possible. I once shared ownership with a friend and his wife. I guess it was a minimal commune. They eventually bought me out after the birth of their son. We are still close friends. Flexibility and tolerance help.

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    9. Jim, the communal living situation the lady described sounds like what we used to call a rooming house. Would think there is still a need for those.

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    10. I keep thinking contents would make great rooming houses, and looked into it. Two problems: Asbestos and zoning. Most contents were built at a time when asbestos in construction was cimmin, and getting rid of it is cost-prohibitive. In addition most municipalities no longer allow rooming houses. This is sad given that dormitory style living is much more affordable for the elderly. A convent usually has a large kitchen, refectory and commons.

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