The Synoptic Gospels (Matthew, Mark, and Luke) are called that because they have passages in common. The two-source theory, widely accepted among Biblical scholars, holds that Matthew and Luke had a copy of Mark when they wrote their Gospels, and that they also had a copy of another document Q, which explains the passages they have in common which are not in Mark. Of course. since there is no existing copy of Q, it is possible that some pages in Luke were in Q but not copied by Matthew, and that some passages in Matthew come from Q but were not copied by Luke. There is not much agreement about any other Q passages other than those found in Matthew and Luke.
It is interesting that some of the most widely admired passages, the Beatitudes and the Lord's Prayer come from Q. This Sunday's Gospel is about the Lord's Prayer
IN THE TABLE BELOW ARE LISTED THE VERSES OF SUNDAY'S GOSPEL WHICH ARE COMMON TO BOTH AND THOSE WHICH ARE SPECIFIC TO LUKE
All of this material is from BibleWorks; The Douay-Rheims version is used because it is in the public domain. It also is a very literal translation of the Latin Vulgate which is a literal translation of the original Greek
This Gospel occurs after two Gospel sections which are found in Luke only. Those followed a passage found in all three Gospels. Immediately after this Gospel, Luke deals with the Beelzebub Controversy found in all three Gospels
All Three Gospels |
What is the Greatest Commandment |
Luke Only |
Story of the Good Samaritan |
Luke Only |
Story of Martha and Mary |
MATTHEW |
LUKE |
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DRA Luke 11:1 And it came to pass, that as he was in a certain place praying, when he ceased, one of his disciples said to him: Lord, teach us to pray, as John also taught his disciples. |
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2 And he said to them: When you pray, say |
DRA Matthew 6:9 Thus therefore shall you pray: Our Father who art in heaven, hallowed be thy name. |
: Father, hallowed be thy name. |
. 10 Thy kingdom come. Thy will be done on earth as it is in heaven |
Thy kingdom come. |
11 Give us this day our supersubstantial bread. |
3 Give us this day our daily bread |
12 And forgive us our debts, as we also forgive our debtors. |
. 4 And forgive us our sins, for we also forgive every one that is indebted to us |
13 And lead us not into temptation. But deliver us from
evil. Amen. |
. And lead us not into temptation. |
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DRA Luke 11:5 And he said to them: Which of you shall have a friend,
and shall go to him at midnight, and shall say to him: Friend, lend me three
loaves, |
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6 Because a friend of mine is come off his journey to me, and I have not what to set before him. |
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7 And he from within should answer, and say: Trouble me not, the door is now shut, and my children are with me in bed; I cannot rise and give thee. |
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8 Yet if he shall continue
knocking, I say to you, although he will not rise and give him, because he is
his friend; yet, because of his importunity, he will rise, and give him as
many as he needeth. |
7:7 Ask, and it shall be given you: seek, and you shall find: knock, and it shall be opened to you |
And I say to you, Ask, and it shall be given you: seek, and you shall
find: knock, and it shall be opened to you. |
. 8 For every one that asketh, receiveth: and he that seeketh, findeth: and to him that knocketh, it shall be opened |
10 For every one that asketh, receiveth; and he that
seeketh, findeth; and to him that knocketh, it shall be opened. |
. 9 Or what man is there among you, of whom if his son shall ask bread, will he reach him a stone |
11 And which of you, if he ask his father bread, will he
give him a stone? |
? 10 Or if he shall ask him a fish, will he reach him a serpent? |
or a fish, will he for a fish give him a serpent? |
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12 Or if he shall ask an egg, will he reach him a
scorpion? |
11 If you then being evil, know how to give good gifts to your children: how much more will your Father who is in heaven, give good things to them that ask him? |
13 If you then, being evil, know how to give good gifts
to your children, how much more will your Father from heaven give the good
Spirit to them that ask him?
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All Three Gospels |
Beelzebub
Controversy |
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Note that Luke inserts into the Q narrative another story about a friend knocking at the door requesting help. It seems to have some similarity to the Samaritan, and Martha stories.
List of all occurrences of the Greek word for praying in Luke-Acts
And all the multitude of the people was praying without, at the hour of incense. (Luke 1:10 DRA)
Now it came to pass, when all the people were baptized, that Jesus also being baptized and praying, heaven was opened; (Luke 3:21 DRA)
And he retired into the desert, and prayed. (Luke 5:16 DRA)
And it came to pass in those days, that he went out into a mountain to pray, and he passed the whole night in the prayer of God. (Luke 6:12 DRA)
Bless them that curse you, and pray for them that calumniate you. (Luke 6:28 DRA)
And it came to pass, as he was alone praying, his disciples also were with him: and he asked them, saying: Whom do the people say that I am? (Luke 9:18 DRA)
And it came to pass about eight days after these words, that he took Peter, and James, and John, and went up into a mountain to pray. (Luke 9:28 DRA)
And whilst he prayed, the shape of his countenance was altered, and his raiment became white and glittering. (Luke 9:29 DRA)
And it came to pass, that as he was in a certain place praying, when he ceased, one of his disciples said to him: Lord, teach us to pray, as John also taught his disciples. (Luke 11:1 DRA)
And he said to them: When you pray, say: Father, hallowed be thy name. Thy kingdom come. (Luke 11:2 DRA)
And he spoke also a parable to them, that we ought always to pray, and not to faint, (Luke 18:1 DRA)
Two men went up into the temple to pray: the one a Pharisee, and the other a publican. (Luke 18:10 DRA)
The Pharisee standing, prayed thus with himself: O God, I give thee thanks that I am not as the rest of men, extortioners, unjust, adulterers, as also is this publican. (Luke 18:11 DRA)
Who devour the houses of widows, feigning long prayer. These shall receive greater damnation. (Luke 20:47 DRA)
And when he was come to the place, he said to them: Pray, lest ye enter into temptation. (Luke 22:40 DRA)
And he was withdrawn away from them a stone's cast; and kneeling down, he prayed, (Luke 22:41 DRA)
And there appeared to him an angel from heaven, strengthening him. And being in an agony, he prayed the longer. (Luke 22:43 DRA)
And he said to them: Why sleep you? arise, pray, lest you enter into temptation. (Luke 22:46 DRA)
And praying, they said: Thou, Lord, who knowest the hearts of all men, shew whether of these two thou hast chosen, (Acts 1:24 DRA)
These they set before the apostles; and they praying, imposed hands upon them. (Acts 6:6 DRA)
Who, when they were come, prayed for them, that they might receive the Holy Ghost. (Acts 8:15 DRA)
And the Lord said to him: Arise, and go into the street that is called Stait, and seek in the house of Judas, one named Saul of Tarsus. For behold he prayeth. (Acts 9:11 DRA)
And they all being put forth, Peter kneeling down prayed, and turning to the body, he said: Tabitha, arise. And she opened her eyes; and seeing Peter, she sat up. (Acts 9:40 DRA)
And on the next day, whilst they were going on their journey, and drawing nigh to the city, Peter went up to the higher parts of the house to pray, about the sixth hour. (Acts 10:9 DRA)
And Cornelius said: Four days ago, unto this hour, I was praying in my house, at the ninth hour, and behold a man stood before me in white apparel, and said: (Acts 10:30 DRA)
I was in the city of Joppe praying, and I saw in an ecstasy of mind a vision, a certain vessel descending, as it were a great sheet let down from heaven by four corners, and it came even unto me. (Acts 11:5 DRA)
And considering, he came to the house of Mary the mother of John, who was surnamed Mark, where many were gathered together and praying. (Acts 12:12 DRA)
Then they, fasting and praying, and imposing their hands upon them, sent them away. (Acts 13:3 DRA)
And when they had ordained to them priests in every church, and had prayed with fasting, they commended them to the Lord, in whom they believed. (Acts 14:22 DRA)
And at midnight, Paul and Silas praying, praised God. And they that were in prison, heard them. (Acts 16:25 DRA)
And when he had said these things, kneeling down, he prayed with them all. (Acts 20:36 DRA)
And the days being expired, departing we went forward, they all bringing us on our way, with their wives and children, till we were out of the city: and we kneeled down on the shore, and we prayed. (Acts 21:5 DRA)
And it came to pass, when I was come again to Jerusalem, and was praying in the temple, that I was in a trance, (Acts 22:17 DRA)
And it happened that the father of Publius lay sick of a fever, and of a bloody flux. To whom Paul entered in; and when he had prayed, and laid his hands on him, he healed him. (Acts 28:8 DRA)
Both the Our Father and the Beatitudes are not identical between Luke and Matthew. So the Two-Source (and, I think, Three-Source) theorists have to be able to account for those differences. It leads to fascinating questions like, "Did Luke subtract from the Q source for the Our Father? Or did Matthew add on to the Q source?" As Jack notes, there is no independently-discovered "Q document" manuscript (so far); the existence and contents of Q are among the many (really ingenious) conclusions that biblical scholars have reasoned over the years. So it's possible that whatever Q contains for the Our Father matches neither Matthew nor Luke.
ReplyDeleteOf course, Luke and Matthew apparently edited their Marcan source as well.
Interesting post, Jack. I knew about Q, but this is the first time I have seen a side by side comparison of Luke's and Matthew's version of the Our Father.
ReplyDeleteAlso interesting that BibleWorks used the Douay-Rheims translation for the comparison. I have always liked the Douay-Rheims. My favorite version of the Bible for personal use is the Confraternity one, which is sometimes called the Confraternity-Douay, because it drew so heavily on the Douay Rheims, and incorporates the Challoner Psalms (https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confraternity_Bible)
I still have the student Confraternity Bible that we used at school in the. 7th and 8th grade.
BibleWorks did not make the choice: I did. BibleWorks comes with many translations in many languages along with original texts (also in several versions). It has both NAB versions, Jerusalem Bible, many Protestant versions. It simply spilled out the version that I requested.
DeleteBW has a synoptic display that allows one to chose the version(s). I simply went down the display and chose the parallels to Luke's text.
For the Greek word that I chose (to pray) it simply gave me all the verses that occurred (based on that Greek word, not how it is translated in English).
I mainly use the DRA because it is in the public domain so that I can use as much of it as I want.
This line struck me - I assume this is Douay-Rheims:
ReplyDelete"Give us this day our supersubstantial bread."
I haven't run across the word "supersubstantial" before. Whatever it means, it doesn't seem to mean "daily". It reminds me of the theological word "consubstantial", found in the Nicene Creed as we recite it today.
The Greek word is extremely rare, occurring only in NT and only in Matthew and Luke, with much debated meaning, e.g.; among the probabilities are daily, necessary for existence, for the following day, for the future
DeleteSupersubstantialem is the Latin translation, i.e., above the level of substantial, may mean adequate, or may mean plentiful, often translated as life-sustaining.
I am also reading that it alludes to the Eucharist.
Delete